Summary IS

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Lesson 01:
1
Data is like raw material. It is not organised and has no value.
2
They can be text data, number or numerical data, image data, audio data and video data.
3
Information is organised data that is valuable and meaningful to a specific user.
4
An information system is a set of related components that collects data, process and provides information.

Lesson 02:
1
Information system is widely use in education, business and management.
2
In education, information system is used to
    - keep track of students statistics and grades
    - help students and teachers in online learning and discussion
    - store subject contents
3
In business,
    - carry out online buying and selling
    - help plan the delivery of goods and services
    - make room booking and for checking the best rate
4
In management
    - see empoyee record
    - analyse product, services and product price
    - process customers order, organise production times and keep  
      track of product inventory

Lesson 03 :

1
Information system is a set of related components that collects data, process data and provide information.
2
The components of an information system are data, hardware, software, people and procedures.
3
An Information system consists of the inter related components of data, hardware, software, people and procedures.

Lesson 04 :
There are 5 types of Information system
1
Management Information System
- are use to provide regular information about the daily activities of a business to the manager.
2
Transaction Processing System
– to record business transaction.
3
Decision Support System
– to provide the manager with information to make the best decision.
4
Executive Information System
– to forecast future trands.
5
Expert System
– can suggest conditions and estimate the probablity of having the illness.

Lesson 05 :
1
A bit is the smallest unit of data stored in the computer.
2
A byte consists of 8 bits.
3
A field is the smallest unit of meaningful information in the database.
4
A record is a collection of related field.
5
A file is a collection of related record.
6
Data is organised in a hierarchy that begins with bits, bytes, fields, records, files and database.

Lesson 06 :
1
Database is a structured collection of information on specific subjects.
2
A Database Management System is a program that accesses information from a database.

Lesson 07:
There are many benefit which we can get by using a database.

- minimises data redundancy
- data integrity is aaured 
- data can be shared
- information can be accessed easily

Lesson 08:
1
Microsoft Access is a database program that allow users to store and manage large collection of information.
2
There are several features in Microsoft Access – Toolbar, Database title bar, Object bar and list of object for the selected type.

Lesson 09:
1
A Table stores a collection of information about a specific topic.
2
A Query is a description of the records you want to retrieve from a database based on certain criteria.
3
A Form provides an interface to enter information.
4
A Report summerises the information from the database.

Lesson 10:
1
A Field is a specific category of information in a Table.
2
A Field is also known as a column.
3
Record is a collection of fields about a person, place or thing in a table.
4
A Record is also known as a row or tuple.
5
A File is a set of data arranged in columns and rows that are grouped together for a specific purpose.
6
A File is sometimes called a Table or Relation.

Lesson 11:
1
The primary key is a field which uniquely represents each records.
2
A foreign key is the field that matches the primary key in another table
3
The importance of the primary key:
- it helps to avoid duplicated record
- it prevents null value being entered in the unique field
- it ensure data integrity by uniquely representing each record.
4
There are difference between primary key and foreign key:
- a foreign key links to a primary key in another table
- while primary key must have unique values, foreign key may have duplicate values.

Lesson 12:
1
Connections between fields of related table having common values are called relationship.
2
A relationship works by matching data in key fields.
3
The importance of relationship between primary key and foreign key:

-
the primary key of one table becomes a foreign key of the other table.

-
by matching a foreign key with a primary key, the data dose not need to be entered repeatedly.

-
a primary key makes creating queries, forms and reports easier.

-
a primary key improves data performance by relating smaller tables into meaningfull databases.

Lesson 13:
1
Tables are one of the database objects in MicroSoft Access.
2
A Table is a collection of data that is organised as rows and columns.
3
We can create new Tables using Design View, Wizard and Datasheet View.
4
Data types

Lesson 14:
1
A Query is a database object that retrieves specific information from a database.
2
You can create new Queries using these  two methods : Design View and Wizard.

Lesson 15:
1
A Form is a database object that allows users to add, modify and view information.
2
A Form is an organised and formatted view of selected fields from selected Tables or Queries.
3
You can create new Forms using these two methods : Design View and Wizard.

Lesson 16:
1
A Report is a database object that presents selected information retrieved from Tables or Queries for printing purposes.
2
The Report are based on the Tables or Queries.
3
You can create new Reports using these two methods : Design View and Wizard.

Lesson 17
1
Data manipulation refers to the operations of accessing, locating, organising, modifying and managing data contained in a database.
2
The basic data manipulation are update, insert, delete, retrieve, sort, filter and search.
3
The update operation is used for changing data in a database Table.
4
The insert operation is used for adding records to a database Table.
5
The delete operation is used for removing records from a database Table.
6
The retrieve operation is used for retrieving records  from a database Table.
7
The sort operation is used for sorting table to a database Table.
8
The filter operation is used for filtering records from a database Table.
9
The search operation is used for finding records in a database Table.

Lesson 18
There are 6 phases in system development

a. Analysis Phase
b. Design Phase
c. Implementation Phase
d. Testing Phase
e. Documentation Phase
f. Maintenance Phase

Lesson 19
1
Analysis Phase

-
the system developers have to define problems, analyse the needs of the target users and set the focus of the system.

-
the target users needs to indicate the requirements of the system
2
Design Phase

-
There are guidelines for designing a database : choose data, ensure table contains the necessary data, determine field.

-
refers to the planning of the design in the system to be developed

-
there are technical plans designed during this phase.

-
the Entity Relationship graphical shows how tables are organised and related to one another

-
there are two symbols used in an Entity Relationship Diagram

-
There are 4 steps in creating Entity Relationship Diagram :



= classify project requirements into Table
= creating Relationship
= creating primary key
= creating foreign key
3
Implementation Phase

-
the system developers will convert the technical plan and design plan into a computer program.

-
the tasks involved in this phase are



= creating a database
= creating a Table
= creating table relationship
= creating queries
= creating forms
= creating reports
4
Testing Phase

-
this involves system develpoers and users

-
in this phase, you can test the database objects functionality and system functionality,
5
Documentation Phase

-
refers to the written material generated throughout all the phases of the system development.

-
there are two types of documentation: user manual and technician

-
user manual are written in simple language rather than technical language
6
Maintenance Phase

-
refers to the changes in the system by fixing or enhancing its functionality.

-
system developers are involve in this phase

-
there are 3 types of maintenance:



= corective maintenance, 
= perfective maintenance  and 
= preventive maintenance.

Corective maintenance
– refers to changes made to a system to repair errors in its design
Perfective maintenance
– is a system maintenance performed to improve a computer program
Preventive maintenance
– is a maintenance aimed at the prevention of future breakdown and failures.



Lesson 20
To develop a database project, you have to

- identify the project requirements
- classify project requirements into Tables
- design database Tables
- create a database
- create a primary key in each table
- build a relationship between Tables
- enter data into the Tables
- create a form that is related to the table
- create a Query to retrive required information with one or more conditions
- generated a report
- gather all the documents from the above phase into a folio


Lesson 21

Web-based application are delivered to users from a web server over the internet.

usage of Web-based applications are :
= web mail,
= online auctions and
= customer biling system.


Example of web-based application are
1
Global Resource Center


- offers a global library of human resources for health, focussing on developing countries
2
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System


- is to alert the world of major disasters and help the coordination of international response during the diasater relief phase
3
Global Data Monitoring Information System


- is to help countries overcomes problems of poverty, health and education.