Untuk download, sila klik : Summary Information System
Lesson 01:
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1
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Data is like raw
material. It is not organised and has no value.
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2
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They can be text
data, number or numerical data, image data, audio data and video data.
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3
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Information is
organised data that is valuable and meaningful to a specific user.
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4
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An information
system is a set of related components that collects data, process and
provides information.
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Lesson 02:
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1
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Information
system is widely use in education, business and management.
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2
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In education,
information system is used to
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keep track of students statistics and grades
- help students and teachers in online
learning and discussion
- store subject contents
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3
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In business,
- carry out online buying and selling
- help plan the delivery of goods and
services
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make room booking and for checking the best rate
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4
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In management
- see empoyee record
- analyse product, services and product
price
- process customers order, organise
production times and keep
track of product inventory
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Lesson 03 :
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Information
system is a set of related components that collects data, process data and
provide information.
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2
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The components
of an information system are data, hardware, software, people and procedures.
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3
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An Information
system consists of the inter related components of data, hardware, software,
people and procedures.
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Lesson 04 :
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There are 5
types of Information system
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1
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Management
Information System
- are use to
provide regular information about the daily activities of a business to the
manager.
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2
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Transaction
Processing System
– to record
business transaction.
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3
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Decision Support
System
– to provide the
manager with information to make the best decision.
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Executive
Information System
– to forecast
future trands.
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Expert System
– can suggest
conditions and estimate the probablity of having the illness.
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Lesson 05 :
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1
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A bit is the
smallest unit of data stored in the computer.
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2
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A byte consists
of 8 bits.
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3
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A field is the
smallest unit of meaningful information in the database.
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4
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A record is a
collection of related field.
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5
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A file is a
collection of related record.
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6
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Data is
organised in a hierarchy that begins with bits, bytes, fields, records, files
and database.
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Lesson 06 :
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Database is a
structured collection of information on specific subjects.
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2
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A Database
Management System is a program that accesses information from a database.
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Lesson 07:
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There are many
benefit which we can get by using a database.
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- minimises data
redundancy
- data integrity
is aaured
- data can be
shared
- information
can be accessed easily
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Lesson 08:
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1
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Microsoft Access
is a database program that allow users to store and manage large collection
of information.
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2
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There are
several features in Microsoft Access – Toolbar, Database title bar, Object
bar and list of object for the selected type.
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Lesson 09:
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1
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A Table stores a
collection of information about a specific topic.
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2
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A Query is a
description of the records you want to retrieve from a database based on
certain criteria.
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3
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A Form provides
an interface to enter information.
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4
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A Report
summerises the information from the database.
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Lesson 10:
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A Field is a
specific category of information in a Table.
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A Field is also
known as a column.
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3
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Record is a
collection of fields about a person, place or thing in a table.
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4
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A Record is also
known as a row or tuple.
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A File is a set
of data arranged in columns and rows that are grouped together for a specific
purpose.
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A File is
sometimes called a Table or Relation.
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Lesson 11:
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The primary key
is a field which uniquely represents each records.
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A foreign key is
the field that matches the primary key in another table
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3
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The importance
of the primary key:
- it helps to
avoid duplicated record
- it prevents
null value being entered in the unique field
- it ensure data
integrity by uniquely representing each record.
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4
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There are
difference between primary key and foreign key:
- a foreign key
links to a primary key in another table
- while primary
key must have unique values, foreign key may have duplicate values.
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Lesson 12:
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1
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Connections
between fields of related table having common values are called relationship.
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A relationship
works by matching data in key fields.
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3
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The importance
of relationship between primary key and foreign key:
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the primary key
of one table becomes a foreign key of the other table.
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by matching a
foreign key with a primary key, the data dose not need to be entered
repeatedly.
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a primary key
makes creating queries, forms and reports easier.
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a primary key
improves data performance by relating smaller tables into meaningfull
databases.
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Lesson 13:
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Tables are one
of the database objects in MicroSoft Access.
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2
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A Table is a
collection of data that is organised as rows and columns.
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3
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We can create new
Tables using Design View, Wizard and Datasheet View.
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4
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Data types
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Lesson 14:
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A Query is a
database object that retrieves specific information from a database.
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You can create
new Queries using these two methods :
Design View and Wizard.
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Lesson 15:
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A Form is a
database object that allows users to add, modify and view information.
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A Form is an
organised and formatted view of selected fields from selected Tables or
Queries.
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3
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You can create
new Forms using these two methods : Design View and Wizard.
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Lesson 16:
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A Report is a
database object that presents selected information retrieved from Tables or
Queries for printing purposes.
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The Report are
based on the Tables or Queries.
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3
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You can create
new Reports using these two methods : Design View and Wizard.
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Lesson 17
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1
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Data
manipulation refers to the operations of accessing, locating, organising,
modifying and managing data contained in a database.
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The basic data
manipulation are update, insert, delete, retrieve, sort, filter and search.
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3
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The update
operation is used for changing data in a database Table.
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The insert
operation is used for adding records to a database Table.
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The delete
operation is used for removing records from a database Table.
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The retrieve
operation is used for retrieving records
from a database Table.
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The sort
operation is used for sorting table to a database Table.
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The filter
operation is used for filtering records from a database Table.
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The search
operation is used for finding records in a database Table.
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Lesson 18
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There are 6
phases in system development
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a. Analysis
Phase
b. Design Phase
c.
Implementation Phase
d. Testing Phase
e. Documentation
Phase
f. Maintenance
Phase
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Lesson 19
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Analysis Phase
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the system
developers have to define problems, analyse the needs of the target users and
set the focus of the system.
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the target users
needs to indicate the requirements of the system
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2
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Design Phase
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There are
guidelines for designing a database : choose data, ensure table contains the
necessary data, determine field.
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refers to the
planning of the design in the system to be developed
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there are
technical plans designed during this phase.
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the Entity
Relationship graphical shows how tables are organised and related to one
another
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there are two
symbols used in an Entity Relationship Diagram
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There are 4
steps in creating Entity Relationship Diagram :
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= classify
project requirements into Table
= creating
Relationship
= creating
primary key
= creating
foreign key
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3
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Implementation
Phase
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the system
developers will convert the technical plan and design plan into a computer
program.
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the tasks
involved in this phase are
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= creating a
database
= creating a
Table
= creating table
relationship
= creating
queries
= creating forms
= creating
reports
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4
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Testing Phase
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this involves
system develpoers and users
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in this phase,
you can test the database objects functionality and system functionality,
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Documentation
Phase
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refers to the
written material generated throughout all the phases of the system
development.
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there are two
types of documentation: user manual and technician
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user manual are
written in simple language rather than technical language
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Maintenance
Phase
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refers to the
changes in the system by fixing or enhancing its functionality.
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system
developers are involve in this phase
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there are 3
types of maintenance:
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= corective
maintenance,
= perfective
maintenance and
= preventive
maintenance.
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Corective
maintenance
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– refers to
changes made to a system to repair errors in its design
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Perfective
maintenance
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– is a system
maintenance performed to improve a computer program
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Preventive
maintenance
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– is a
maintenance aimed at the prevention of future breakdown and failures.
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Lesson 20
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To develop a
database project, you have to
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- identify the
project requirements
- classify
project requirements into Tables
- design
database Tables
- create a
database
- create a
primary key in each table
- build a
relationship between Tables
- enter data
into the Tables
- create a form
that is related to the table
- create a Query
to retrive required information with one or more conditions
- generated a
report
- gather all the
documents from the above phase into a folio
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Lesson 21
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Web-based
application are delivered to users from a web server over the internet.
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usage of
Web-based applications are :
= web mail,
= online
auctions and
= customer
biling system.
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Example of
web-based application are
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1
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Global Resource
Center
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- offers a
global library of human resources for health, focussing on developing
countries
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2
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Global Disaster
Alert and Coordination System
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- is to alert
the world of major disasters and help the coordination of international
response during the diasater relief phase
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3
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Global Data
Monitoring Information System
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- is to help
countries overcomes problems of poverty, health and education.
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