Lesson 01:
Program and Programming
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1
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A computer program
is a series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform
tasks.
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2
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Programming is a
creation of a set of commands or instructions which directs a computer in
carrying out a task.
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3
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A programming
language is a set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to
communicate with computer.
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Lesson 02:
Generations of Programming Language
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There are 5
generation of programming language
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a. First generation
: Machine language
b. Second
generation : Assemble language
c. Third generation
: High-level language
d. Forth generation
: Very high level language
e. Fifth generation
: Natural language
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Lesson 03:
Programming Approaches
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1
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Structured
programming frequently employs a top down design approach.
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2
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Object-oriented
approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combine data
with functions to create objects.
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Lesson 04:
Translator
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1
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There are 3
translation methods of programming – assembler, interpreter and compiler.
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2
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Assembler is a
computer program that translate an assembly code into the corresponding
machine code that can be executed.
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3
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Compiler ia a
computer program that translate source code text which is written in a high
level programming language into a lower level language and will create an
executable file.
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4
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Interpreter is a
program designed to run other non-executable program source codes directly
without compiling it first.
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Lesson 05:
Microsoft Visual Basic
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1
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Microsoft Visual
Basic is a visual programming tool based on the BASIC programming language developed by
Microsoft.
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2
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Among the main
features of the Microsoft Visual Basic are drag and drop, user interface,
data access features, ActiveX technologies and Internet capabilities.
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3
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Installing Visual
Basic is easy to accomplish.
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Lesson 06: Basic
Element In Programming
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There 5 basic
elements in programming:
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a
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Constant : Constant is a virtual data container that
stores information that will never change during the course of a program.
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b
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Variable : Variable is a virtual data container that
stores information that will / may change during the course of a program.
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c
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Data type : Data type refers to a classification or
type grouping of information.
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d
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Operator : Operator is a symbol that tells what
action to perform.
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e
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Control structured
: Control Structures allow the program
to control the flow of a program.
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Lesson 07:
Pseudo Code
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1
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Pseudo Code is text
only sentences that describe the logic and program flow of a computer program.
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2
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Pseudo Code
resembles plain English.
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3
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Pseudo Code usually
does not have any specific program language syntax and grammar.
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Lesson 08: Flow
Chart
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1
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A flow chart is a
graphical method to describe the logic and program flow of a computer program.
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2
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The main elements
in the flow chart are “terminator”, “input/output”, “process”,
“flowline/arrowhead” and “decision”.
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Lesson 09:
Overview of Program Development Phases
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The program
development consists of 5 phases:
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1
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Problem
Analysis
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a program must
review and define the problem. Identify the data input, process and output
for the program.
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2
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Problem Design
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there are 3 popular
tools which are the top-down design model, pseudo code and flow chart.
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3
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Coding
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Coding is the
process of writing the solution using the computer program language.
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4
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Testing and
Debugging
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the purpose of
program testing is to ensure the program runs correctly and is error-free.
The process of location and correcting syntax and logic error in a program is
known as debugging the program.
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5
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Documentation
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is a written
description of computer program. Although documentation appear as the last
phase, it is actually perform throughout all phase of the entire program.
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Lesson 10:
Control Structures
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1
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Control structure
is a method or technique that allows the program to control the flow of a
program.
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2
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Sequence control
structure executes the statements one by one in consecutive order.
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3
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Selection control
structure enables a program to execute different statements for different
conditions. It enables a program to have a decision-making process.
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Lesson 11:
Project – Developing a Program
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1
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We need to apply
program development phase to solve problem.
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2
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Program development
phase consists of problem analysis, program design coding, testing and
debugging and finally documentation.
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Lesson 12:
Overview of the latest Programming Languages
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1
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Natural language is
a type of programming language that uses plain English to write a program
code instead of using specific programming syntax.
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2
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5th generation
programming language automatically codes program based on the problem
definition given.
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3
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OpenGL is a
standard specification that describes the standard Application Programming
Interface (API) for 3D / 2D computer graphic application..
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